Turkish hazel features 5-inch (12.7 cm) long leaves that are bright green and glossy with a slightly ovate to heart-shaped form. The leaves have a serrated margin with prominent, hairy veins on the underside contributing to their texture. The leaves' fall coloration is a rather unremarkable yellow, providing minimal seasonal interest. The distinct combination of size, color, and textured veins are key characteristics for identifying this plant.

The flowers of turkish hazel feature distinctive male catkins, which are yellow and densely clustered, typically appearing in early spring around March. These catkins measure approximately 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) long. Female flowers, though less noticeable, are small and inconspicuous, emerging in close proximity to the male catkins. The blooming period showcases these tiny blossoms, although they lack any significant fragrance. The visual interest in turkish hazel primarily comes from the vibrant, pendant male catkins rather than the small female flowers.

The stem of turkish hazel is robust with a grayish-brown color. It exhibits a coarse texture, especially in older specimens, with younger shoots displaying a hairy surface. The thickness varies, typically ranging from 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) in diameter. It features a distinctive branching pattern, with branches often emerging at wide angles, giving the plant a spreading appearance. During maturation, the stem develops pronounced ridges and furrows, adding to its rugged texture.

The fruit of turkish hazel is encased in a distinctive spiny, hairy husk which often clusters in groups of 3-6. These husks contain edible nuts that are prized for consumption. As the fruit matures, the clusters may create litter challenges when they fall on hardscape areas. The texture and appearance of the husks are key identifying features, notable for their rough exterior. Inside, the actual nuts are relatively small and hard-shelled, showcasing a brown hue that blends with the natural surroundings.