In prickly pear, the leaves are highly modified into prominent, large spines. These spines densely cover the fleshy, segmented stems in clusters. The spines are robust, sharp, and typically measure between 0.5 to 2 inches (1.3 to 5 cm) in length. Their color ranges from pale white to brownish-yellow. These modified leaves lack traditional vein patterns and are crucial for reducing water loss and protecting the plant from herbivores. The spines provide a distinctive and easily recognizable feature of prickly pear.

Prickly pear flowers are variously colored, ranging from shades of yellow, red, and pink to sometimes purple. Each bloom typically features numerous petals arranged in a circular pattern, creating a radiant, sun-like appearance. The flowers are generally 2 to 3 inches (5 to 8 cm) in diameter. They bloom primarily in the spring to summer, emitting a faint, sometimes fruity fragrance. The vibrant colors and striking form make these flowers easily recognizable and attractive to pollinators.

Prickly pear has unique flattened stems known as cladodes or pads, which resemble thick leaves rather than traditional stems. These pads are typically green, serving as the plant's primary photosynthetic organ. The stems are fleshy and can vary in thickness, usually around 0.5-1 inch (1.25-2.5 cm). The surface of these stems is dotted with clusters of tiny, barbed hairs called glochids, which can cause irritation upon contact. The stems can reach heights of 3-6 feet (90-180 cm) and often branch from a central trunk.

The fruit of prickly pear varies from fleshy to dry based on the species. These fruits typically have a pear-like shape and are often covered with small spines or glochids that can be meticulously removed. They range in color from yellow, orange to red, and even purple, about 1.5 to 3 inches (4 to 8 cm) in length. The edible varieties exhibit a juicy interior with numerous small, hard seeds embedded within the sweet-tart flesh. The skin texture may vary from smooth to slightly bumpy, with a semi-thick consistency that encloses the delicious fruit.