Common pear has oval-shaped, alternate leaves measuring 1-4 inches (2.5-10 cm) long. The green leaves feature serrated edges and exhibit a yellow hue in the fall. The texture is smooth with a consistent green coloration during the growing season. Prominent vein patterns run from the central vein to the edge, contributing to the leaf's structure. These key features aid in identifying common pear and distinguishing it from similar species.

The flowers of common pear are characterized by their elegant white color and symmetrical arrangement. Blooming in clusters during spring, each flower typically consists of five petals, five sepals, and five stamens, which creates a star-like appearance. The flowers measure approximately 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter. The hue of the petals contrasts with green sepals and yellow-tipped stamens. These flowers emit a mild, pleasant fragrance, attracting various pollinators during their vibrant display in the spring season.

The stem of common pear is characterized by its varying texture and color. Older wood develops distinctive dwarf shoots, typically short and stout, showing a grayish-brown hue. New stems are pointed and exhibit a smoother surface, initially green, transitioning to brown as they mature. Stems can reach a substantial thickness of up to 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter. Branching occurs frequently, displaying a somewhat zigzag pattern, creating a unique structure crucial for identification.

The fruit of common pear exhibits a spectrum of sizes and shapes, commonly akin to a teardrop. They can range notably in hue from green to yellow, or even to a blush, depending upon variety and ripeness. The skin of these fruits typically feels firm to the touch and may exhibit some texture. Inside, the flesh is generally white or creamy with a grainy, succulent consistency, encompassing a central core that houses seeds. These fruits are typically around 2.5 to 6 inches (6 to 15 cm) in height, reflecting the described variation in dimensions.