How to identify Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus)
Red raspberry, also known as Black-Haired Red Raspberry, Smoothleaf Red Raspberry, American red raspberry, Wild red raspberry
Red raspberry is identified by its perennial shrub habit, typically maturing at heights of 3 to 4 feet (90 to 120 cm), with canes that bear thorns. The leaves are pinnate, usually with three to five leaflets that have serrated edges. Flowers are white to pale pink and give rise to the characteristic aggregate fruits which start green and mature to a bright red. A distinguishing feature is the presence of glandular hairs in one variety, contrasting with the other's smooth cane surface.
Lifespan: Perennial
Plant Type: Shrub, Vine
Leaf Type: Deciduous
Perennial shrub reaching 3-4 feet (90-120 cm) with thorny canes.
Pinnate leaves with 3-5 serrated leaflets and glandular hairs distinguishing varieties.
White to pale pink flowers in clusters, 0.4 inches (1 cm) diameter emit sweet scent.
Aggregate fruits composed of small red drupelets with sweet-tart flavor.
Variety in stem textures: glandular hairs for var. strigosus, smooth for var. idaeus.
The leaves of red raspberry are typically pinnately divided into 3-5 leaflets, though occasionally they are undivided. Each leaflet is characterized by pleated, wrinkled textures. The upper surface is a rich green, while the underside is lighter and covered in fine, fuzzy hairs. The leaflets tend to have a slightly serrated edge, contributing to their distinct appearance. Mature leaflets usually measure between 1 to 4 inches (2.5 to 10 cm) in length, making them quite noticeable.
The flowers of red raspberry are typically found in clusters, though they can occasionally be solitary. Each flower is composed of five white petals that delicately unfold from five green sepals. They are complemented by five bracts at the base. The flowers are filled with numerous stamens and several pistils, all clustered on a cone-shaped receptacle. The blooms measure around 0.4 inches (1 cm) in diameter and emit a mild, sweet scent. They appear from April to June.
The stem of red raspberry can vary based on variety. In var. strigosus, the stem is covered with fine glandular hairs, giving it a slightly sticky texture, while in var. idaeus, the stem is smooth and lacks these hairs. The stems are typically green to reddish, thorny, and can reach up to 2 to 8 feet (60 to 240 cm) in length. They are erect to arching, with a woody base and branching pattern that supports numerous lateral shoots.
The fruit of red raspberry is a composite of many small, individual units known as drupelets, intricately structured to form a cohesive hollow cone. These drupelets each have their own seed, and they are aggregated around a central core, which is notably absent upon picking, giving the fruit its characteristic hollow shape. The overall texture is plump and softly firm, with a fine hairiness on the exterior. Typically rich in red hues, the fruit also appears in variants of yellow, black, or purple depending on the cultivar. Its size is small yet variable, roughly 0.6-0.8 inches (1.5-2 cm) in diameter, and it possesses a sweet-tart flavor highly regarded in culinary uses.
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Scientific Classification of Red raspberry
