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Top 20 Most Common Toxic Plants in Syria

Syria's diverse environment, with its arid deserts and fertile coastal plains, offers varied habitats that could support the proliferation of toxic plants. The region's warm temperatures and sporadic precipitation create conditions suitable for certain harmful plant species. Currently, toxic flora such as Spanish broom, Golden dewdrops, and Castor bean are found in this region, representing a potential threat to local communities and ecosystems.

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Most Common Toxic Plants
Spanish broom
1. Spanish broom
Spanish broom is a deciduous shrub native to the Mediterranean, West Asia, and North Africa. Fragrant yellow pea-like flowers cover the shoots in late spring and summer. It is cultivated for its ornamental value and is used for flavoring and essential oil extraction.
Toxic to:
Human
Golden dewdrops
2. Golden dewdrops
Golden dewdrops (Duranta erecta) is an ornamental sprawling shrub commonly found in subtropical and tropical gardens all over the world. Its gentle purple blossoms are often visited by butterflies and hummingbirds. Golden dewdrops is considered a weed in Australia, South Africa and certain parts of East Asia.
Toxic to:
Human
Sago palm
3. Sago palm
Many species within the Cycas revoluta genus are highly toxic to dogs - if you suspect your dog has ingested any part of a sago palm plant, you should contact a vet immediately. The Sago palm is a very common ornamental and is the most common culprit. These plants contain high concentrations of the cycasin toxin, which is found throughout their structures but is most concentrated in their seeds. Ingesting even a small amount of cycasin can cause vomiting and diarrhea. Larger amounts can cause damage to the intestines and liver, coma, or death.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
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Castor bean
4. Castor bean
The castor bean is important for its oil which is used as a lubricant, biodiesel ingredient, and rodent repellent, among other applications. The plants are now commercially planted globally, with India producing nearly 75% of the world's castor oil. Castor beans cannot be eaten because they contain a potent poison that's released if the seed is broken.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Evergreen spindle
5. Evergreen spindle
All parts of the evergreen spindle are considered toxic if ingested in large quantities. Symptoms can range from mild to life-threatening including vomiting, weakness, diarrhea, chills, convulsions, and coma. Since these plants are commonly used as ornamental hedges, you should be mindful of any children who may encounter the plant, be attracted by its colorful leaves and flowers, and may be tempted to eat them.
Toxic to:
Human
Pokeweed
6. Pokeweed
Although its berries look juicy and tempting, the fruits and the root of pokeweed are toxic and should not be eaten. Pokeweed is considered a pest species by farmers but is nevertheless often grown as an ornamental plant. Its berries can be made into pokeberry ink as well.
Toxic to:
Human
Bearded iris
7. Bearded iris
Bearded iris is known to cause contact dermatitis in some individuals. The most commonly reported symptom is minor skin irritation, typically lasting only a few minutes. This can result from contact with the seeds, roots, or sap of this plant. Furthermore, all parts of bearded iris are toxic when ingested, especially the roots. Symptoms typically including minor or moderate burning sensations, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever. This plant is most often encountered in a garden context, where it is planted as an ornamental.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Bird of paradise
8. Bird of paradise
Bird of paradise is generally considered non-toxic but can be poisonous when ingested in large quantities. Cases of poisoning are typically mild to moderate with symptoms including abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Cases of poisoning may be more serious in children. The fruit and seeds are considered to be the most toxic parts of the plant. The frequent use of this plant as a houseplant could be a factor in poisoning frequency. This plant can be mistaken for another more toxic species, Poinciana gilliesii, as they share the same common name, bird of paradise.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Mexican fireplant
9. Mexican fireplant
Mexican fireplant is native to tropical America, but it has been naturalized in other tropical and subtropical regions in the world. *Euphorbia heterophylla* is a poisonous plant to humans and livestock. It contains a toxic milky sap which can cause strong skin irritation.
Toxic to:
Human
Autumn crocus
10. Autumn crocus
Autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale) is a flowering plant native to the coast of the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Its flower stalks grow up after a period of time after its leaves die out, so you can see its flowers or leaves but never both. Consumption of autumn crocus is toxic and is particularly poisonous to cats. Autumn crocus is not the source of saffron. Saffron is produced by another species in the crocus family.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Jerusalem cherry
11. Jerusalem cherry
True to this plant's reputation, consumption of jerusalem cherry can be extremely toxic to dogs, and warrants immediate veterinary attention. All parts of these plants contain several toxic substances which can cause loss of appetite, excessive drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, dilated pupils, confusion, behavioral changes, and weakness. In more severe cases, difficulty breathing, a lowered heart rate, coma, or even death may occur, so treat it as a medical emergency if your pet has come into contact with this plant.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Sun spurge
12. Sun spurge
Sun spurge (Euphorbia helioscopia) is a winter annual that grows along the ground in a variety of locations from gardens to wastelands. It features distinctive red colored stems with toothed leaves that emit a toxic milky sap when cut or torn. Pale yellow flowers bloom from spring to summer and give way to fruit. This plant is considered a weed.
Toxic to:
Human
Striped barbados lily
13. Striped barbados lily
Striped barbados lily is perennial herbs with showy flowers but it contains toxic compounds, most notably alkaloids lycorine and tazetine, as well as calcium oxalate crystals.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Poison hemlock
14. Poison hemlock
As the name infers, the poison hemlock is a highly poisonous plant and has been known to intoxicate a variety of livestock. The leaves are similar to carrots and parsley, fooling most herbivores into consuming it. Poison hemlock can be lethal when ingested.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Tansy ragwort
15. Tansy ragwort
Tansy ragwort is a biennial that is classified in many areas of the United States as a noxious weed. The tansy ragwort is poisonous to livestock, pets, and humans. This plant is found in sunny open areas like pastures and meadows. It has bright yellow flowers and grows 61 to 122 cm tall.
Toxic to:
Human & Pets
Kangaroo apple
16. Kangaroo apple
Kangaroo apple (Solanum laciniatum) is a fast growing tree that can grow from 91 to 183 cm tall. It blooms from winter to spring with mauve flowers. Produces a yellowish green drupe fruit that is not edible. It thrives in full sun with moist, well-drained soil. It is not drought tolerant and needs regular watering.
Toxic to:
Pets
Durian
17. Durian
Durian (Durio zibethinus) is a tropical plant from Southeast Asia. It bears large, spiny, edible fruit which has become a major export crop of the region. The fruit is best known for its pungent smell, which provokes opposing reactions, ranging from near-addiction to revulsion. In some areas, it has even been banned from public transport and hotels.
Common yew
18. Common yew
Common yew is highly toxic to all animal species, including humans, dogs, cats, livestock and poultry, with all parts of the plant capable of causing death when consumed in large amounts.
Toxic to:
Pets
Cape gooseberry
19. Cape gooseberry
Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) is a perennial shrub species native to South America. This species has been cultivated by humans for a very long time, and can be traced to the Incan civilization. Cape gooseberry grows optimally in fertile, slightly acidic soil in full sun.
Slender false garlic
20. Slender false garlic
Slender false garlic (Nothoscordum gracile) is a herbaceous perennial that will grow to 51 cm tall. It blooms from spring to summer with clusters of small white flowers with purple stripes and colorful green and gold stamens. Flowers bloom at the top of the stem. Considered a weed it is commonly found growing along sandy roadsides and woods. Attracts bees and other pollinators.
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More Plants in Syria

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Most Common Flowers

Syria's diverse climate and fertile soil nurture a rich array of native flowers. Among the most characteristic blooms are the vibrant , the delicate , and the aromatic . These flowers not only enhance the visual beauty of the region but also hold deep symbolic and ecological significance. Reliable sources attest to their presence and impact on Syria's natural landscape.

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Most Common Fruits

Syria's warm Mediterranean climate, with hot dry summers and mild winters, alongside fertile soil, particularly in the Orontes River basin, nurtures an array of fruit plantations. The cultivation of , , and is integral to local agriculture, reflecting deep cultural roots and economic significance. These plants stand as testament to the region's ability to produce diverse and flavorsome fruit, cherished and preserved through generations.

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Most Common Trees

Syria's climatic conditions, including its dry and hot summers, make it suitable for the growth of diverse indigenous trees. Among the emblematic trees are the Aleppo pine (), which thrives in sandy and rocky soils and plays a vital role in stabilizing sand dunes. The evergreen oak () is also prominent, offering shade and sustenance for local wildlife. Moreover, the cypress () stands tall, symbolizing endurance and resilience in Syrian culture. These trees hold cultural and ecological importance, contributing to the country's biodiversity and heritage.

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Most Common Weeds

Syria's warm climate and arid to semi-arid conditions foster a diverse assemblage of garden weeds, which present persistent challenges for garden maintenance. Among the myriad of invaders, , , and are notably prevalent, exploiting the fertile soils of cultivated land. These opportunistic weeds compete with domestic plants for resources, necessitating continual vigilance and control measures by gardeners to protect the integrity of their landscapes.

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Most Common Tall Trees

Syria's diverse landscape, from arid deserts to the fertile plains, and Mediterranean coastline, has given rise to a variety of ecosystems conducive to supporting an array of vegetative life. Among the majestic flora, certain tree species stand out for their stupendous height. Prominent among them are , , and . These towering giants are not only a testament to nature's grandeur but also play a pivotal role in the region's ecological balance and historical tapestry.

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Most Common Plants

In Syria, you can find Sweet basil, Animated oat, Common fig, Common coleus, Cape jasmine, and more! There are 244 types of plants in total. Be sure to look out for these common plants when you’re walking on the streets, in parks, or public gardens.

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