The leaves of red maple are palmately veined with 3 principal triangular lobes, occasionally exhibiting 5 lobes with two smaller basal lobes. They are irregularly and coarsely toothed, measuring between 2 to 6 inches (5 to 15 cm) long and often broader than long. The upper side is medium to dark green, while the underside is grayish with hairy veins. The petiole is red and ranges from 2 to 4 inches (5 to 10 cm) long. In fall, the leaves turn brilliant red, orange, and yellow.

The flowers of red maple bloom in short-stemmed drooping clusters during springtime, typically from January to March in North Carolina. These polygamous flowers, which appear before the leaves, are a brilliant red, enhancing their visibility. Each flower cluster is composed of multiple small blossoms, with petals that tend to be inconspicuous or absent. Measuring around 0.2 inches (5 mm) across, the individual blossoms lack a noticeable scent but create a striking display. The vivid red color is a key identifying feature.

The stem of red maple is slender, typically no more than 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter, and characterized by its striking red and shiny appearance. The stems exhibit a smooth texture, predominantly red with occasional green undertones. In winter, the stems display prominent red buds, with winter buds featuring three or more overlapping scales, resembling shingles. This distinct red coloration and the unique overlapping scales of its buds are key identifying features of the stem in red maple.

The fruit of red maple presents as distinctive paired samaras, with each part shaped like a wing that forms a 'V'. These structures measure around 3/4 of an inch long (approximately 2 cm) and dangle from soft, pendulous stems. Initially, they may exhibit a colorful palette ranging from red to pink or even yellow. As the fruit matures, its hue transitions to a tan or light brown. Commonly observed from April through July, these samaras gracefully detach and flutter to the ground when ripe.