How to identify Japanese maple (Acer palmatum)
Japanese maple, also known as Palmate maple
Japanese maple typically reaches up to 25 feet (approx. 7.5 meters) in height and is distinguishable by its serrated, palmate leaves that possess five to nine lobes. The foliage exhibits a vibrant spectrum of concolorous tones, ranging from green to a striking red. Its slender twigs, varying in hues from green to red, may exhibit a light glaucous bloom. The small, green buds of japanese maple are subtly ensconced at the base of the petiole, with the terminal bud often appearing doubled.
Lifespan: Perennial
Plant Type: Tree, Shrub
Leaf Type: Deciduous
Serrated palmate leaves with 5-9 lobes
Flowers red-purple, 0.2-0.4 inches (5-10 mm) wide
Distinct dual-winged samaras that split into two
Opposite leaves, 2-5 inches (5-13 cm) with smooth texture
Slender stem varying from green to red, double terminal buds
The leaves of japanese maple are opposite, simple, and range from 2 to 5 inches (5 to 13 cm) in size, featuring 5 to 9 lobes, most of which are deeply lobed. Their color transitions from green in the summer to shades of yellow, bronze, purple, or red in the fall, varying by cultivar. The texture is smooth, and the vein pattern is palmate, contributing to the distinct star-like appearance. These key features make the leaves easily identifiable.
The flowers of japanese maple are small, measuring about 0.2 to 0.4 inches (5 to 10 mm) across. They exhibit a striking red to purple hue, making them notable upon close inspection. Each flower consists of five petals arranged in a simple radial pattern. Although not fragrant, they add an exquisite charm in clusters during their blooming period in early spring. Their understated presence contrasts with the plant’s foliage, offering delicate beauty to attentive observers.
The stem of japanese maple is glabrous and slender, with considerable variation in color. Typically, it ranges from green to red, depending on the leaf color. Green leaf trees show stems from green to reddish purple, while red leaf trees can have stems bright red to blood red to reddish purple. It often features double terminal buds hidden by the base of the petiole, and displays smooth texture. The typical length varies, generally kept under control through pruning for desired growth.
The fruit of japanese maple consists of a unique schizocarp that splits into two winged samaras. These samaras possess inward-curving wings that form a distinct arch, a characteristic feature helpful in identification. As the fruit matures, it typically transitions to a reddish hue. The dual-winged structure is not only visually striking but also facilitates wind dispersal. The texture and exact dimensions of the fruit may vary, but this fundamental shape and coloration pattern are consistent markers for recognition.
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Scientific Classification of Japanese maple
