How to identify Silver fir (Abies alba)
Silver fir, also known as Swiss pine
Silver fir is a majestic evergreen conifer characterized by its pyramidal shape and dense, horizontally-tiered branches. It boasts glossy, dark green needles that are roughly 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) long, with a blunt or notched tip. These needles are arranged spirally on the shoot but twisted at the base to lie in two more-or-less horizontal rows. The plant's cylindrical cones are upright and measure between 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 cm) long, displaying a distinctive purple color before maturation. The gray bark of silver fir thickens and furrows with age.
Lifespan: Perennial
Plant Type: Tree
Leaf Type: Evergreen
Needles are dark green, 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) long, with a blunt or notched tip.
Cylindrical cones are upright, 4-6 inches (10-15 cm) long, purple before maturation.
Leaves are needle-like, 0.8-1 inch (2-2.5 cm) long, with a distinctive notch at the tip.
Mature stems are gray, scaly, and pubescent, with changing color and texture.
Bark evolves from dark gray with resin blisters to square plates, creating a scaly texture.
The leaves of silver fir are needle-like and flattened, measuring 0.8 to 1 inch (2 to 2.5 cm) long and approximately 0.8 inch (2 mm) wide. Each needle features a distinctive notch at the tip and is arranged regularly along branches in two groups that point toward the branch tip. The needles have two longitudinal stripes on the underside, giving them a white or silver appearance from a distance.
The mature stems of silver fir are gray with a distinctive scaly texture, providing a rugged appearance. Over time, older stems turn brown and become rough to the touch. The twigs of this plant are pubescent, meaning they are covered with fine, short hairs. This pubescence, combined with the changing color and texture as the stems age, makes silver fir identifiable to both novice and experienced plant enthusiasts. The stems are sturdy and can reach several feet (meters) in height.
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Scientific Classification of Silver fir
