How to identify Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis)
Pacific silver fir, also known as Red fir, Cascades fir
Pacific silver fir is a majestic evergreen conifer towering up to 260 feet (79 meters) with a notably straight trunk. The foliage consists of shiny, dark green needles arranged radially around the branches, providing a lush appearance. When mature, the bark features a grayish tone, with a smooth texture that becomes furrowed over time. Cones are cylindrical, hanging downwards, and display a purplish hue when young, maturing to brown. This species exhibits horizontal branching with a symmetrical crown, contributing to its stately silhouette.
Lifespan: Perennial
Plant Type: Tree
Needles with white/silver stripes underneath, notched tips, and twist at base for flat lie.
Dark green needles arranged radially, providing lush foliage on the majestic conifer.
Cylindrical cones hang downwards, initially purple evolving to brown, facilitating seed dispersal.
Branches with hairy and textured surface, distinct thickness and branching pattern for easy recognition.
Bark transitions from light grey to reddish-grey, developing scales and furrows with age.
The leaves of pacific silver fir are flat needles, measuring 0.8 to 1.8 inches (2 to 4.5 cm) long. They exhibit a dark green color on the top with two distinctive white/silver longitudinal stripes on the underside. The needle tips are notched. The needles are densely packed and twisted at the base to lie flat on the sides and top of the shoot, brushing forward, but are absent on the bottom.
The stem of pacific silver fir features twigs that are mostly opposite, with a darker brown color on the lower (abaxial) surface and light brown on the upper (adaxial) surface, adorned with tan to reddish hairs. Young branches are gray or yellowish-brown in color. The branches exhibit a textured and hairy surface, which is a key identification feature. The thickness and branching pattern make it distinct, aiding in easy recognition of this species.
The fruit of pacific silver fir manifests as striking oval seed cones with a resinous texture. Initially, they exhibit a purple-gray hue, evolving into a brown coloration as they mature. These seed cones are characteristically oriented upright on the branches and range from 3.5 to 6.5 inches (about 9 to 16.5 centimeters) in length. Over time, they break down naturally, a process during which they release winged seeds, a distinctive feature that facilitates their dispersal.
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Scientific Classification of Pacific silver fir
