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Top 20 Most Common Trees in Estonia

Estonia's climatic and soil conditions are conducive to the growth of various native trees. Among them, European mountain-ash, Rubber tree, and Bird cherry stand tall and hold significance in the region. These emblematic trees contribute to the cultural fabric and ecology of Estonia.

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Most Common Trees
European mountain-ash
1. European mountain-ash
Sorbus aucuparia, also known as european mountain-ash, is a deciduous tree native to Europe. It grows a slim trunk with upward-curving branches as it matures. Its admirable upright and dense branching gives the plant an oval crown. The juicy and soft clustered fruits are an excellent source of food for birds, while its yellow to plum foliage adds to its overall aesthetic appeal.
Plant Height:
6 m to 15 m
Rubber tree
2. Rubber tree
Rubber tree (Ficus elastica) is a large tree with wide, oval, glossy leaves. Its milky white latex was used for making rubber before Pará rubber tree came into use, hence the name. Rubber tree is an ornamental species, often grown as a houseplant in cooler climates.
Plant Height:
20 m to 40 m
Corn plant
3. Corn plant
Corn plant (Dracaena fragrans) is an evergreen, slow-growing perennial shrub native to tropical Africa. Also, it is a classic houseplant, grown in Europe since the 1800s. Its glossy green foliage that resembles corn leaves grow on top of a thick cane, which is why the plant is sometimes called “false palm tree.”
Plant Height:
4.5 m to 15 m
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Bird cherry
4. Bird cherry
Bird cherry (Prunus padus) is a small deciduous cherry tree in the subgenus Padus. This species is native to Europe, where it is also known as the Mayday tree because of its historical importance in spring (May Day) festivals. The bird cherry is pollinated by bees and flies. The leaves, stems, and fruits of this species can be toxic to some mammals. In the past, the bark of this tree was traditionally placed near doorways as a spiritual gesture to ward off the plague.
Plant Height:
5 m to 16 m
Common hazel
5. Common hazel
Common hazel (Corylus avellana) is a deciduous shrub species that is cultivated for its edible nuts. Hazelnuts can refer to the nut from any Corylus species, but it most often refers to Corylus avellana. The nuts from common hazel are eaten straight or used in making confectionary. Common hazel is native to Europe and western Asia.
Plant Height:
3 m to 15 m
Norway spruce
6. Norway spruce
The fastest-growing of all spruces, the norway spruce (Picea abies) makes for a good roosting spot for owls and hawks. Its wood is used for paper, construction lumber, and musical instruments, and its needles can be used to brew spruce beer. It is also a popular choice for Christmas trees.
Plant Height:
30 m to 62 m
European aspen
7. European aspen
European aspen (Populus tremula) is a poplar tree species native to Europe, Asia, and Iceland. It's a dioecious species, which means that individual flowers are either female or male. However, only flowers of a single-sex are found on each individual plant. The tree depends on the wind for pollination.
Plant Height:
40 m
English oak
8. English oak
The english oak (*Quercus robur*) is a deciduous tree native to Europe. It is a very long-lived tree; the oldest known specimens have been living for more than a thousand years. It is commonly represented in European mythologies as a symbol of strength, longevity, nobility, morale, and knowledge.
Plant Height:
10 m to 50 m
Silver birch
9. Silver birch
The silver birch is native to Europe, Siberia, and China. It can grow between 15 m and 25 m, with a potential to reach 31 m. Its distinct bark is white and eventually becomes flaky. The leaves are pale green during summer and yellow during fall.
Plant Height:
9 m to 25 m
Weeping fig
10. Weeping fig
Weeping fig (Ficus benjamina) is an evergreen tree native to Asia and Australia. It is one of the most popular houseplants in the world, known for its elegant, glossy leaves. However, people with allergies should avoid weeping fig, considering that it is a major source of indoor allergens. All parts of the plant are poisonous except the fruits.
Plant Height:
7 m to 30 m
Scots pine
11. Scots pine
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is a native Eurasian pine plant that grows on nutrient-poor, dry, rocky soils. Given the name, it should come as no surprise that scots pine is the national tree of Scotland. It is also important within the forestry industry due to its use for wood pulp and timber.
Plant Height:
35 m to 48 m
Norway maple
12. Norway maple
The norway maple is a tree species native to Europe and West Asia. It is 20 to 30 m tall and has bright green, lobed leaves which turn yellow or red in the autumn. Introduced as an ornamental shade tree in the United States, it is now considered invasive. Outside its northern range, it can be short-lived and susceptible to disease and damage.
Plant Height:
9 m to 30 m
Gray alder
13. Gray alder
Gray alder is a deciduous, perennial tree that produces fruiting cones with winged seeds. These cones are pollinated, and the seeds are dispersed by the wind. This tree is valuable to the environment as its root nodules contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which improves and restores the quality of the soil. It is a fast-growing shrub-like tree with a relatively short lifespan.
Plant Height:
12 m to 18 m
European ash
14. European ash
European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is a large deciduous tree featured in Norse mythology and Scottish folklore. European ash is native to mainland Europe. This species is susceptible to the disease Ash dieback which is caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. European ash often grows in basic soils on calcareous substrates.
Plant Height:
12 m to 30 m
Downy birch
15. Downy birch
Downy birch is a pioneer species of deciduous tree native to Europe and Asia. The bark of the tree is used to make canoes and roofing materials, rope, and oil paper. Historically, the bark was also used as emergency food in times of famine.
Plant Height:
20 m
Black alder
16. Black alder
Black alder (Alnus glutinosa) is indigenous to almost all of continental Europe. It’s used commercially in papermaking, in the manufacture of fiberboard, and in energy production. The bark of black alder has been used for hundreds of years in dyeing and tanning. The leaves of this species are so sticky, some people put them on the floor of their homes to trap fleas.
Plant Height:
20 m to 37 m
Indian Laurel
17. Indian Laurel
Indian Laurel (Ficus microcarpa) is a fig tree originating in China. The indian Laurel attracts the fig wasp pollinator. In some east Asian cultures, it is believed the indian Laurel is a meeting place for spirits.
Plant Height:
15 m to 25 m
Common chokecherry
18. Common chokecherry
Prunus virginiana, commonly known as common chokecherry, is a deciduous small tree or suckering shrub often confused with chokeberry, due to similarities in the looks of their fruits. The fruits of both species are known for their rich antioxidant content. Common chokecherry plays an important ecological role as a larval host for numerous moth species.
Plant Height:
1 m to 10 m
Common lilac
19. Common lilac
Common lilac is a shrub native to the Balkan Peninsula that blooms with a fragrant blossom. It grows on rocky terrain and has a suckering habit. The blossoms are used to flavor honey, sugars, food, and other delights and farmed for its fragrant flowers in the spring.
Plant Height:
6 m to 7 m
Common yew
20. Common yew
Common yew (Taxus baccata) is a medium-sized evergreen tree. Every part of this tree is poisonous and consumption can result in death. Common yew is native to Europe, as well as parts of Africa, Iran, and southwest Asia. Historically, wood from this species was used to make English longbows - important weapons in medieval tactical warfare.
Plant Height:
10 m to 20 m
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More Plants in Estonia

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Most Common Toxic Plants

Estonia's environment, with its diverse climate and rich, lush landscapes, creates an apt setting for a variety of flora, including some toxic plants. Factors like its humid summers and cold winters can support the growth of poisonous species. The prevalence of , , and raises concerns, highlighting the region's potential favorability for nurturing plants that could be harmful to both humans and wildlife.

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Most Common Flowers

Estonia's climate and soil provide a conducive environment for native flowers to flourish. Among the captivating blooms are , , and . These flowers add to the visual allure of the region and hold symbolic and ecological significance. Authentic intel from trusted sources validates their presence and importance in Estonia's flora.

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Most Common Flowers of Spring

As Estonia thaws from winter's embrace, Spring breathes life into its landscapes, cueing a tapestry of floral splendor. Among the first to unfurl are , a symbol of rebirth, , painting the scenery with vibrant hues, and , blanketing the awakening earth. These blooms are not just stunning, but also signal the renewal of nature's rhythms.

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Most Common Spring Fruits

Spring in Estonia awakens with a surge of life, as warming sunlight and gentle rains nurture blossoming orchards. Amid this season of renewal, the , , and reach maturity, offering a burst of fresh flavors to herald the end of winter. These fruits, integral to the local cuisine and culture, embody the essence of Spring's promise of abundance and new beginnings.

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Most Common Fruits

Estonia's cool temperate climate, with its mild summers and cold winters, coupled with fertile soils, favors the cultivation of hardy local fruit plants. Plants such as , , and not only thrive in these conditions but are also ingrained in Estonian culture, often used in traditional recipes and festivities. These fruits are much more than agricultural products; they are a cherished part of Estonia's horticultural heritage.

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Most Common Weeds

Estonia's temperate climate with its moist summers and cold winters creates an ideal environment for a variety of garden weeds. Amongst the most commonly encountered are , known for its rapid growth and resilience, , which outcompetes native flora, and , notorious for its pervasive root system. These invasive weeds pose a significant challenge to gardeners and landscapers striving to maintain biodiverse and healthy gardens.

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Most Common Tall Trees

In the verdant tapestry of Estonia's temperate climate, replete with fertile soils and diverse terrains, towering tree species thrive under amply lit skies and lengthy growing seasons. Among the arboreal giants, , , and stand as natural monuments, not only scraping the heavens but also embodying the ecological and historical essence of the region. These leafy titans symbolize growth, stability, and the irrefutable grandeur of Estonia's forests.

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Most Common Flowers of Winter

Winter in Estonia is characterized by a serene cold that blankets the landscape. Despite the harsh conditions, several flower plants manage to brave the chill and bloom. Three of these remarkable blooms include , , and . These flowers showcase the resilience and beauty that can be found in the midst of winter, offering a symbolic representation of hope and perseverance.

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Most Common Plants

In Estonia, you can find Meadowsweet, Common yarrow, Florist kalanchoe, Jade plant, Madagascar dragon tree, and more! There are 50 types of plants in total. Be sure to look out for these common plants when you’re walking on the streets, in parks, or public gardens.

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Identify grow and nurture the better way!
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17,000 local species +400,000 global species studied
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