Top 20 Most Common Trees in Finland

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Top 20 Most Common Trees in Finland

Finland's climatic and soil conditions favor the growth of several native trees. Among the emblematic trees, Norway spruce, Scots pine, and European aspen stand tall in this territory. These trees hold great cultural and ecological significance within the region. They contribute to Finland's diverse ecosystem and are valued for their timber, wildlife habitat, and traditional uses. Norway spruce, Scots pine, and European aspen are essential components of Finland's natural heritage, demonstrating the country's rich biodiversity.

Most Common Trees

Norway spruce

1. Norway spruce

The fastest-growing of all spruces, the norway spruce (Picea abies) makes for a good roosting spot for owls and hawks. Its wood is used for paper, construction lumber, and musical instruments, and its needles can be used to brew spruce beer. It is also a popular choice for Christmas trees.

Scots pine

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is a native Eurasian pine plant that grows on nutrient-poor, dry, rocky soils. Given the name, it should come as no surprise that scots pine is the national tree of Scotland. It is also important within the forestry industry due to its use for wood pulp and timber.

European mountain-ash

3. European mountain-ash

Sorbus aucuparia, also known as european mountain-ash, is a deciduous tree native to Europe. It grows a slim trunk with upward-curving branches as it matures. Its admirable upright and dense branching gives the plant an oval crown. The juicy and soft clustered fruits are an excellent source of food for birds, while its yellow to plum foliage adds to its overall aesthetic appeal.

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European aspen

4. European aspen

European aspen (Populus tremula) is a poplar tree species native to Europe, Asia, and Iceland. It's a dioecious species, which means that individual flowers are either female or male. However, only flowers of a single-sex are found on each individual plant. The tree depends on the wind for pollination.

Silver birch

5. Silver birch

The silver birch is native to Europe, Siberia, and China. It can grow between 15 m and 25 m, with a potential to reach 31 m. Its distinct bark is white and eventually becomes flaky. The leaves are pale green during summer and yellow during fall.

Bird cherry

Bird cherry (Prunus padus) is a small deciduous cherry tree in the subgenus Padus. This species is native to Europe, where it is also known as the Mayday tree because of its historical importance in spring (May Day) festivals. The bird cherry is pollinated by bees and flies. The leaves, stems, and fruits of this species can be toxic to some mammals. In the past, the bark of this tree was traditionally placed near doorways as a spiritual gesture to ward off the plague.

Gray alder

Gray alder is a deciduous, perennial tree that produces fruiting cones with winged seeds. These cones are pollinated, and the seeds are dispersed by the wind. This tree is valuable to the environment as its root nodules contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which improves and restores the quality of the soil. It is a fast-growing shrub-like tree with a relatively short lifespan.

Black alder

Black alder (Alnus glutinosa) is indigenous to almost all of continental Europe. It’s used commercially in papermaking, in the manufacture of fiberboard, and in energy production. The bark of black alder has been used for hundreds of years in dyeing and tanning. The leaves of this species are so sticky, some people put them on the floor of their homes to trap fleas.

Norway maple

9. Norway maple

The norway maple is a tree species native to Europe and West Asia. It is 20 to 30 m tall and has bright green, lobed leaves which turn yellow or red in the autumn. Introduced as an ornamental shade tree in the United States, it is now considered invasive. Outside its northern range, it can be short-lived and susceptible to disease and damage.

Corn plant

Corn plant (Dracaena fragrans) is an evergreen, slow-growing perennial shrub native to tropical Africa. Also, it is a classic houseplant, grown in Europe since the 1800s. Its glossy green foliage that resembles corn leaves grow on top of a thick cane, which is why the plant is sometimes called “false palm tree.”

Downy birch

11. Downy birch

Downy birch is a pioneer species of deciduous tree native to Europe and Asia. The bark of the tree is used to make canoes and roofing materials, rope, and oil paper. Historically, the bark was also used as emergency food in times of famine.

English oak

12. English oak

The english oak (*Quercus robur*) is a deciduous tree native to Europe. It is a very long-lived tree; the oldest known specimens have been living for more than a thousand years. It is commonly represented in European mythologies as a symbol of strength, longevity, nobility, morale, and knowledge.

Rubber tree

13. Rubber tree

Rubber tree (Ficus elastica) is a large tree with wide, oval, glossy leaves. Its milky white latex was used for making rubber before Pará rubber tree came into use, hence the name. Rubber tree is an ornamental species, often grown as a houseplant in cooler climates.

Common lilac

14. Common lilac

Common lilac is a shrub native to the Balkan Peninsula that blooms with a fragrant blossom. It grows on rocky terrain and has a suckering habit. The blossoms are used to flavor honey, sugars, food, and other delights and farmed for its fragrant flowers in the spring.

Weeping fig

15. Weeping fig

Weeping fig (Ficus benjamina) is an evergreen tree native to Asia and Australia. It is one of the most popular houseplants in the world, known for its elegant, glossy leaves. However, people with allergies should avoid weeping fig, considering that it is a major source of indoor allergens. All parts of the plant are poisonous except the fruits.

Indian Laurel

16. Indian Laurel

Indian Laurel (Ficus microcarpa) is a fig tree originating in China. The indian Laurel attracts the fig wasp pollinator. In some east Asian cultures, it is believed the indian Laurel is a meeting place for spirits.

Small-leaved lime

17. Small-leaved lime

Small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata) is a deciduous tree that is cultivated all over the world as an ornamental plant in parks and avenues. Honeybees like to visit the flowers; monofloral honey made from this species is considered to be very nutritious. British ship outfitters used small-leaved lime wood for onboard furniture; French shipwrights thought the weak wood was used for shipbuilding and introduced the epithet, "limey," for British people.

Apple

Apple is the most widely cultivated tree fruit around the globe. The three top apple-producing countries are China, the United States, and Poland with an economic impact of $3.55 billion in 2017. There are more than 7,500 known cultivars of apples throughout the world.

Arborvitae

Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) is a small- to medium-sized evergreen conifer native to North America, and can be found in a variety of environments, including forested wetlands and along cliffs. Essential oils are produced using northern white cedar, and it also finds use as an ornamental plant. Due to its increasing popularity in landscaping, more compact plants have been used to develop smaller strains.

Avocado

Persea americana, widely known as the avocado plant, is an evergreen tree (semi-deciduous in cooler climates) that is native to Central America. It is cultivated all over the world for its nutritious fruits. Avocado has become an important plant in many cuisines due to its high nutrient and fat content, creamy texture, and distinct taste.

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More Plants in Finland

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Most Common Toxic Plants

Finland's diverse climate, ranging from temperate to subarctic, creates a habitat conducive to various plant species, including toxic varieties. Despite the often harsh winters, the long summer days contribute to vigorous plant growth during the growing season. Among the flora, there are concerns regarding the prevalence of toxic plants. Notable examples include , , and , each presenting its own set of potential risks to both humans and wildlife.

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Most Common Flowers

Finland's climate and soil provide a conducive environment for a variety of native flowers to thrive. Among these blossoms, , , and stand out as the most characteristic. These flowers add a touch of visual beauty to the region, symbolize its rich heritage, and play a crucial role in the local ecology. Trustworthy sources verify the presence and significance of these flowers in Finland.

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Most Common Flowers of Spring

As Finland thaws from its wintry embrace, Spring breathes new life into the landscape, coaxing various flora to break ground. Amongst the first to claim the sun's tender warmth are , , and , each adding a splash of vibrant color and symbolizing the nation's resilient nature. These blooms are not only a feast for the eyes but also signify the Finnish Spring's triumphant return.

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Most Common Spring Fruits

In Finland, Spring unfurls with lingering daylight and a gentle thaw, coaxing life from the frostbitten earth. As nature reawakens, so too do the fruit plants, nurtured by the pure Nordic air and soil. Key among these are the , offering its succulent bounty; the aromatic , heralding the season's freshness; and the vibrant , a testament to Spring's vigorous return. Each fruit reflects the revitalizing spirit of Finnish Spring, eagerly anticipated by locals and gourmands alike.

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Most Common Fruits

Finland's cool climate and long summer days create a unique environment that extends the natural growing season and imbues fruit with intense flavors. Fertile, acidic soils provide ideal conditions for a variety of local fruit plants. , , and are not just staples in Finnish diets but hold cultural significance, with each having its unique space in Finnish customs and cuisine. These fruits embody the resilience and adaptability of Finnish agriculture.

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Most Common Weeds

Finland's temperate climate, marked by cold winters and relatively warm summers, creates a conducive environment for a variety of garden weeds. Commonly contending with diverse weed species, Finnish gardeners often grapple with , , and that tenaciously proliferate across residential lawns and open spaces. These weeds pose significant challenges due to their high adaptability and competitive growth, necessitating diligent management efforts within the country's gardens and landscapes.

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Most Common Tall Trees

Finland's boreal forests and temperate climate lay the ground for sky-scraping arboreals. Amidst this realm, , , and stand as colossi, heralding the region's natural history and providing ecological bastions. These trees are not mere botanical entities but symbols of Finnish verdure, their lofty crowns touching the heavens while anchoring a rich biotic network below.

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Most Common Flowers of Winter

Winter in Finland is a mesmerizing world of frost and snow, where the cold embraces the land. Surprisingly, amidst this frigid environment, there are certain flowers that brave the chill. Three notable blooms that appear in Winter are , , and . These flowers showcase the resilience and beauty of nature, bringing a touch of color and hope to the serene Finnish landscape.

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Most Common Plants

In Finland, you can find Norway spruce, Scots pine, European mountain-ash, Common yarrow, Bilberry, and more! There are 50 types of plants in total. Be sure to look out for these common plants when you’re walking on the streets, in parks, or public gardens.

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