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Top 20 Most Common Trees in Madrid

Madrid, Spain's distinct climatic and soil dynamics provide a nurturing environment for native trees. Among the standout local trees are Iberian holm oak, Corn plant, and Olive. These trees hold symbolic, cultural, and ecological significance within the state's boundaries. Their presence contributes to the region's biodiversity and showcases the resilience of nature in Madrid, Spain.

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Most Common Trees
Iberian holm oak
1. Iberian holm oak
Quercus rotundifolia is a medium to large tree usually 8–12 m (26–39 ft) in height but can reach up to 15 m (49 ft) with a large dense rounded canopy. It has small leathery dark-green leaves with a glaucous densely pubescent underside usually suborbicular to elliptical or lanceolate and are generally spiny to dentate on a younger tree. It has a semi-hemispheric cupule. It flower from winter to spring. Seedlings will start flowering at about 8 years old but they will not start producing acorns until 15 to 20 years old although trees in humid good quality soils can start its production as early as 10 years. The acorns ripen in autumn about 6 months after pollination. It is a very resilient tree that can survive temperatures below −20 °C (−4 °F) and can live in conditions with temperatures that on occasion reach 47 °C (117 °F) during summer months. As opposed to Quercus ilex its acorns have a very low level of bitter tannins and as a result are generally sweet and a good energy source for livestock.
Plant Height:
8 m to 12 m
Corn plant
2. Corn plant
Corn plant (Dracaena fragrans) is an evergreen, slow-growing perennial shrub native to tropical Africa. Also, it is a classic houseplant, grown in Europe since the 1800s. Its glossy green foliage that resembles corn leaves grow on top of a thick cane, which is why the plant is sometimes called “false palm tree.”
Plant Height:
4.5 m to 15 m
Oleander
3. Oleander
Nerium oleander, colloquially known as oleander, is a shrub or a small tree, known for its majestic pink five-lobed flowers and deep green lanceolate leaves. Oleander is one of the most poisonous popular decorative garden plants, so it is advised to keep small children and pets away from it.
Plant Height:
2 m to 6 m
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Olive
4. Olive
Olive (Olea europaea) is an evergreen tree or shrub with great agricultural importance, especially in the Mediterranean. Its fruits are edible and widely used for making oil. Olive has acquired quite a few symbolic meanings during its long history of cultivation. The most popular symbol would probably be the olive branch, which represents peace and glory.
Plant Height:
4 m to 15 m
Rubber tree
5. Rubber tree
Rubber tree (Ficus elastica) is a large tree with wide, oval, glossy leaves. Its milky white latex was used for making rubber before Pará rubber tree came into use, hence the name. Rubber tree is an ornamental species, often grown as a houseplant in cooler climates.
Plant Height:
20 m to 40 m
Lemon
6. Lemon
Lemon is a cultivated small evergreen tree known for its yellow, juicy, sour fruits full of citric acid. Its origins are unknown, but it was probably first created in India, China, or Burma as a hybrid of sour orange (Citrus × aurantium) and citron (Citrus medica). It is commercial fruit cultivated in warm regions around the world.
Plant Height:
2 m to 6 m
Common fig
7. Common fig
Ficus carica, colloquially known as the common fig, is a deciduous small tree or shrub widely known for its sweet, chewy fruits. This shrubby plant has a very, very long cultivation history. The earliest evidence of its cultivation was found in the Jordan Valley and go all the way back to the tenth millennium BC.
Plant Height:
3 m to 10 m
Strawberry tree
8. Strawberry tree
Arbutus unedo is an evergreen shrub or a small tree native to Europe. It is colloquially called strawberry tree because its bright red fruits somewhat resemble strawberries. The fruits of this lovely plant are very nutritious and full of sugar, which is why they are mostly used for making jams, pastries, fruit yogurts, and alcoholic beverages.
Plant Height:
5 m to 15 m
Bay laurel
9. Bay laurel
The leaf of the bay laurel is widely known around the world and is used to season dishes, especially Mediterranean dishes. The aromatic whole bay leaves can be added during food preparation for flavor and then are typically removed before serving. Dried ground bay leaf can be used as a seasoning within the dish and is often added to soups and stews.
Plant Height:
7 m to 18 m
Indian Laurel
10. Indian Laurel
Indian Laurel (Ficus microcarpa) is a fig tree originating in China. The indian Laurel attracts the fig wasp pollinator. In some east Asian cultures, it is believed the indian Laurel is a meeting place for spirits.
Plant Height:
15 m to 25 m
Horse Chestnut
11. Horse Chestnut
The horse Chestnut was the tree that Anne Frank mentioned in her diary. While the original tree fell down in 2010, there have been new trees planted around the world from the original seeds. Horse Chestnut 's seeds resemble chestnuts, but they are inedible and toxic.
Plant Height:
25 m to 30 m
European nettle tree
12. European nettle tree
European nettle tree (Celtis australis) is a tall and sturdy deciduous tree - growing from 12 to 21 m in height. It's unique because it blooms with both male and female flowers. Berries appear in summer, ripening to a dark purple in fall. A variety of birds are attracted to the fruit, helping to disperse the seeds. The european nettle tree is considered a great choice to create shade or as a street tree.
Plant Height:
10 m to 25 m
Cherry plum
13. Cherry plum
Cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera) is a deciduous small tree or shrub native to Southern Europe and Western Asia. It is one of the most common wild fruits of its native region, producing numerous rounded, yellow, red, or burgundy-colored sweet juicy fruit in summer and autumn. Cherry plum is also used as an ornamental tree and as rootstock for other Prunus species.
Plant Height:
8 m to 12 m
Chinaberry tree
14. Chinaberry tree
The chinaberry tree is considered an invasive species in many areas because of its tendency to grow into impassable thickets and crowd out other plants. The entire chinaberry tree is poisonous to humans and many other animals, although cows and some birds have no problems eating the fruit.
Plant Height:
7 m to 12 m
Common hawthorn
15. Common hawthorn
Common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) is a flowering tree that is actually part of the rose family. It is not unusual in garden settings and arranged as hedges. Examples of famous common hawthorn trees include the apocryphal oldest tree in France, and a well-known hawthorn in England that stood out for flowering three times a year.
Plant Height:
5 m to 14 m
Avocado
16. Avocado
Persea americana, widely known as the avocado plant, is an evergreen tree (semi-deciduous in cooler climates) that is native to Central America. It is cultivated all over the world for its nutritious fruits. Avocado has become an important plant in many cuisines due to its high nutrient and fat content, creamy texture, and distinct taste.
Plant Height:
10 m to 20 m
Weeping fig
17. Weeping fig
Weeping fig (Ficus benjamina) is an evergreen tree native to Asia and Australia. It is one of the most popular houseplants in the world, known for its elegant, glossy leaves. However, people with allergies should avoid weeping fig, considering that it is a major source of indoor allergens. All parts of the plant are poisonous except the fruits.
Plant Height:
7 m to 30 m
Tree of heaven
18. Tree of heaven
While the tree of heaven has a lovely name, it has a bad reputation in many areas of the US. Several states consider it an invasive species because of its aggressive growth, rapid reproduction, and ability to thrive in poor conditions. The root system of this tree routinely damages sidewalks, sewer systems and other structures.
Plant Height:
10 m to 27 m
Italian stone pine
19. Italian stone pine
Italian stone pine (italian stone pine) is an evergreen tree whose rounded, umbrella-like canopy provides plenty of shade. It thrives in full sun and is drought-tolerant. Its pine cones produce the popular and delicious pine nuts, a valuable food crop that can be harvested, dried and eaten.
Plant Height:
12 m to 25 m
Common lilac
20. Common lilac
Common lilac is a shrub native to the Balkan Peninsula that blooms with a fragrant blossom. It grows on rocky terrain and has a suckering habit. The blossoms are used to flavor honey, sugars, food, and other delights and farmed for its fragrant flowers in the spring.
Plant Height:
6 m to 7 m
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