Top 20 Most Common Trees in Sri Lanka

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Top 20 Most Common Trees in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is blessed with a tropical climate and fertile soil, providing an ideal environment for a rich variety of native trees. Among them, Guava, Golden shower tree, and Tamarind stand tall as emblematic representatives of the region. These trees hold great significance both culturally and ecologically, serving as symbolical landmarks and supporting the local ecosystem. Their presence in Sri Lanka's landscape underscores the country's natural diversity and the importance of preserving its unique flora and fauna.

Most Common Trees

Guava

Guava (*Psidium guajava*) is a fruit-producing evergreen shrub that grows natively in the Caribbean region and South America. Guava attracts the honey bee and other insects, and guava fruit is edible. Additionally, guava wood is used for smoking meat.

Golden shower tree

2. Golden shower tree

Golden shower tree (Cassia fistula) is a plant that is found in tropical and subtropical regions. It is at its peak during the middle of the summer. Golden shower tree is both the national flower and tree of Thailand. The Latin name "Cassia" comes from "Kassia", which means "fragrant plant." It holds a sacred place in scriptures like the Ramayana and Mahabharata.

Carambola

Carambola (Averrhoa carambola) is a tree that’s indigenous to lush and steamy regions of Southeast Asia. Another name for it is star fruit. People call it this because when you slice it in half, you’ll see an unmistakable star shape. Not only is the fruit tasty, but it also reportedly has health benefits.

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Tamarind

Tamarind is a monotypic perennial tree grown for its timber and edible fruits. Tamarind trees yield brown seed fruits with a sweet, acidic pulp used in various varieties of cuisines around the world. The pulp is also used as a metal polish.

Avocado

Persea americana, widely known as the avocado plant, is an evergreen tree (semi-deciduous in cooler climates) that is native to Central America. It is cultivated all over the world for its nutritious fruits. Avocado has become an important plant in many cuisines due to its high nutrient and fat content, creamy texture, and distinct taste.

Tree of heaven

6. Tree of heaven

While the tree of heaven has a lovely name, it has a bad reputation in many areas of the US. Several states consider it an invasive species because of its aggressive growth, rapid reproduction, and ability to thrive in poor conditions. The root system of this tree routinely damages sidewalks, sewer systems and other structures.

Pongame Oiltree

7. Pongame Oiltree

This tropical, fast-growing tree, the pongame Oiltree or Pongamia pinnata, produces seeds that are poisonous. In fact, the seeds were once used to make fish poison. There are no edible uses for this tree, but it is used in manufacturing.

Pomelo

Pomelo (*Citrus grandis*) is a greenish, tropical and subtropical fruit originally that is larger than any other citrus fruit on the planet (thus the species name - 'grandis'). Though it is the ancestor of the commonly cultivated grapefruit (citrus x paradisi), the pomelo has a thick, hard-to-peel rind and doesn’t have a lot of juice. Nevertheless, it is commonly eaten in Southeast Asia.

Loquat

The loquat is an evergreen tree that bears delicious fruit, which shares its name. Its origins lie in China, but the tree has since been introduced to a variety of locations across Asia, Southern Europe, and North America. The fruit is generally eaten raw, mixed into fruit salads, or turned into jam. The seeds, however, should not be eaten. In Italy, loquat is used to make nespolino liqueur.

Red frangipani

10. Red frangipani

Red frangipani (Plumeria rubra) is a deciduous shrub or small tree native to Central and South America. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in tropical and subtropical climates. All parts of the plant are toxic when ingested due to their high alkaloid content.

Oleander

Nerium oleander, colloquially known as oleander, is a shrub or a small tree, known for its majestic pink five-lobed flowers and deep green lanceolate leaves. Oleander is one of the most poisonous popular decorative garden plants, so it is advised to keep small children and pets away from it.

Poinsettia

The poinsettia is a common sight in the United States during Christmastime. It was popularized by Albert Ecke after he emigrated to California from Germany. Today, 70 million poinsettias are sold in a 6-week period.

Sacred fig

Sacred fig or Ficus religiosa, gets its name because it is considered sacred to Buddhism, Jainism, and Hinduism. Although a member of the mulberry family, the sap of the sacred fig may cause skin reactions if handled.

Yellow trumpetbush

14. Yellow trumpetbush

Although the yellow trumpetbush have beautiful and bright flowers that can be pleasing to look at, this plant is considered an invasive weed in multiple countries. A native of the southern United States, Mexico, the Caribbean, Peru and Ecuador, this plant is often found on roadsides, riparian areas, disturbed sites, and other wasteland areas.

Peacock flower

15. Peacock flower

The peacock flower, Barbados' national flower, is a striking ornamental plant commonly grown in public and private gardens. Although the seeds of this flower are toxic if consumed, the fruits are edible. Some parts of this plant are used as medicine by Indonesians and West Indians. This plant is toxic to dogs and cats but provides food for butterflies and bees.

Weeping fig

16. Weeping fig

Weeping fig (Ficus benjamina) is an evergreen tree native to Asia and Australia. It is one of the most popular houseplants in the world, known for its elegant, glossy leaves. However, people with allergies should avoid weeping fig, considering that it is a major source of indoor allergens. All parts of the plant are poisonous except the fruits.

Neem tree

Neem tree (*Azadirachta indica*) is a flowering tree species related to mahogany and with an appearance similar to that of the chinaberry tree. For centuries, it has played an important role in Indian culture. Commercially, the neem tree is used to produce neem oil, pesticides, and cosmetics.

Surinam cherry

18. Surinam cherry

The fruit of the surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora) is edible, but only after it has ripened to a deep, blood-red color. The seeds, however, should be avoided. Surinam cherry is cultivated ornamentally around the world, in both shrub and tree form.

Jackfruit

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is a tree species related to the fig tree native to India and Malaysia. The fruit produced by this tree, the jackfruit is a common component of culinary dishes around the world. The ripe fruit has a sweet taste and is often served raw in cold dishes.

Toddy palm

Native to parts of India and Asia, toddy palm (Borassus flabellifer) is an attractive, ornamental palm tree. This species can grow up to 30 m tall. The dead leaves stay attached to the tree for years.

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More Plants in Sri Lanka

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Most Common Toxic Plants

Sri Lanka's moist and warm climate coupled with rich and varied ecosystems, ranging from dense rainforests to misty highlands, creates a fertile ground for a diverse flora, including , , and . These conditions also contribute to the prevalence of toxic plants in the region. The country's unique biodiversity heightens the concern of encountering such poisonous species amidst its lush greenery.

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Most Common Flowers

Sri Lanka's tropical climate and fertile soil create an ideal environment for an array of native flowers to flourish. Within this vibrant ecosystem, three specific blossoms stand out for their visual beauty, cultural symbolism, and ecological importance. , , and add a burst of color to the landscape, showcasing the rich biodiversity of Sri Lanka. These flowers serve as a testament to the country's natural beauty and are cherished by both locals and visitors alike.

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Most Common Flowers of Spring

As Sri Lanka embraces Spring, the environment awakens, catalyzing a spectrum of floral life. The iconic unfurls, symbolizing renewal; blossoms herald the season's vibrancy, while the precious adds a touch of unique beauty to the landscape. These flowers are not just visually arresting but culturally significant, enriching the island's Spring aura.

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Most Common Spring Fruits

Spring in Sri Lanka unfurls in a burst of vibrant hues and gentle warmth, breathing life into an array of fruit plants that thrive under the nourishing sun. During this season, , with its succulence, stands as a refreshing symbol of the seasonal transformation. Meanwhile, the rich, flavorful reaches peak ripeness, and the exotic is eagerly anticipated for its unique taste. These fruits, emblematic of Lankan fertility, celebrate the island's natural abundance and the unmistakable freshness of springtime harvest.

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Most Common Fruits

Sri Lanka's tropical climate and fertile soil contribute to the thriving of many local fruit plants. The monsoon rains, coupled with warm temperatures, create a hospitable environment for species such as , , and . These plants not only hold a significant place in Sri Lanka's agriculture but are also deeply embedded in the cultural fabric, representing the island's rich biodiversity and tradition in local cuisine and medicine.

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Most Common Weeds

Sri Lanka's warm, humid climate and abundant rainfall create an ideal environment for a variety of garden weeds to flourish. Among the most common, , , and are particularly prevalent, posing challenges for gardeners and landscapers in managing their growth and spread. These pervasive weeds compete with cultivated flora for resources, making their control a crucial aspect of maintaining healthy and aesthetically pleasing gardens.

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Most Common Tall Trees

Sri Lanka's lush, tropical climate and diverse terrains are conducive to the growth of colossal trees, reaching high into the sky. Prominent giants of this verdant isle include , , and , each standing as a testament to the country's rich ecological tapestry. These towering species are not only ecological marvels but also bearers of great historical significance, silently narrating tales of the island's natural heritage.

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Most Common Flowers of Winter

Winter in Sri Lanka may bring a serene cold, but it is also a time when certain flowers bravely bloom. Despite the frosty environment, , , and thrive, showcasing their resilience and beauty. These winter flowers add a touch of color and symbolic depth to the otherwise chilly landscape in Sri Lanka.

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Most Common Plants

In Sri Lanka, you can find Asian Rice, Pepper, Golden pothos, Guava, Garden croton, and more! There are 50 types of plants in total. Be sure to look out for these common plants when you’re walking on the streets, in parks, or public gardens.

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