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Top 20 Most Common Trees in Bhutan

Bhutan, known for its rich biodiversity, boasts a climate and soil conditions that support the growth of native trees. Three emblematic trees in this region include Lychee, Guava, and Longleaf pine. These trees hold significant cultural and ecological value within Bhutan, contributing to the country's lush forests and unique ecosystem. Their presence underscores the importance of preserving Bhutan's natural heritage.

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Most Common Trees
Lychee
1. Lychee
Lychee is a tall evergreen tree native to southeastern China. It bears pink fruits with a rough skin. The juicy fruit is a very popular food, and the trees are cultivated widely in many parts of Asia.
Plant Height:
6 m to 9 m
Guava
2. Guava
Guava (*Psidium guajava*) is a fruit-producing evergreen shrub that grows natively in the Caribbean region and South America. Guava attracts the honey bee and other insects, and guava fruit is edible. Additionally, guava wood is used for smoking meat.
Plant Height:
8 m to 13 m
Sandalwood
3. Sandalwood
Sandalwood (Santalum album) is a small tree with large utility. It is highly valued for its aromatic sandalwood oil, which is so popular that the tree has been harvested almost to extinction. The wood of sandalwood is prized for its hardness and aroma, and it is one of the most expensive woods in the world.
Plant Height:
4 m to 9 m
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Longleaf pine
4. Longleaf pine
When in its early stages of development, until it is 5-12 years old, a longleaf pine doesn't look like a tree at all, but just a clump of grass. It takes 100 to 150 years to reach maturity and may live for up to 500 years. It is highly resistant to wildfire, and its dark needle-like leaves are often twisted and 20 to 46 cm in long.
Plant Height:
18 m to 37 m
Western redbud
5. Western redbud
Western redbud (Cercis occidentalis) is a flowering plant used by the indigenous people of California for weaving baskets. The bark can be used to make a reddish dye. Western redbud is often planted as an ornamental species.
Plant Height:
3 m to 4.5 m
Macropanax rosthornii
6. Macropanax rosthornii
Macropanax rosthornii is a flowering tree endemic to China. It is found growing in shaded forests, scrubs, and roadsides, and has various traditional uses for local villages in its native area. Many members of its genus are threatened by habitat loss due to human settlements and destruction.
Plant Height:
8 m
Eastern red cedar
7. Eastern red cedar
Eastern red cedar is a coniferous evergreen tree that is native to North America. The fruit of this tree, juniper berries, is an important food source for birds in the winter. The wood of the eastern red cedar is used in fencing as it is resistant to rot, and it is also used to line closets and chests since it also resists moths.
Plant Height:
5 m to 30 m
European plum
8. European plum
Prunus domestica is a small deciduous tree and the most common orchard plum in Europe and other regions of the world. It is a hybrid species that had most likely evolved from the wild Cherry plum, Prunus cerasifera. The fruit is elongated, fleshy, and usually sweet. Dried fruits of european plum are called prunes.
Plant Height:
6 m to 15 m
Silky oak
9. Silky oak
Because of its prolific blossoming, which can blanket the tree canopy and provide abundant shade, the southern silky oak is a good tree for parks. Its resplendent flowers attract bees, butterflies, and birds. Prior to the invention of aluminum, its wood, which is resistant to wood rot, was frequently used for external window joinery.
Plant Height:
5 m to 40 m
Chinese tallow
10. Chinese tallow
Chinese tallow is a weedy tree native to China and Japan. It has been introduced to areas such as Puerto Rico, Sudan, and the southeast United States. It is considered highly invasive in India, Taiwan, Australia, and the United States. It displaces native plants by absorbing their nutrients and forming a monoculture. Control of this weed's prolific spread causes significant economic strains in eastern Texas, Louisiana, Florida, and Mississippi. Chinese tallow is poisonous to humans and cattle and may cause contact dermatitis. Nevertheless, it has been used for ornamental and cosmetic purposes. The weed can be controlled via mechanical removal and powerful herbicides.

Chinese tallow is a fast-growing shade tree native to China. It can tolerate urban areas well and helps to provide shade in mostly concrete areas and home to small animals that may live in cities. The nectar of chinese tallow is used by beekeepers to produce high quality honey. And although the oils derived from the tree can be toxic, they do have commercial purposes.
Plant Height:
15 m
Avocado
11. Avocado
Persea americana, widely known as the avocado plant, is an evergreen tree (semi-deciduous in cooler climates) that is native to Central America. It is cultivated all over the world for its nutritious fruits. Avocado has become an important plant in many cuisines due to its high nutrient and fat content, creamy texture, and distinct taste.
Plant Height:
10 m to 20 m
Japanese privet
12. Japanese privet
Japanese privet (Ligustrum japonicum) is an evergreen ornamental shrub or small tree with dark, glossy leaves and numerous clusters of white flowers. It blooms in late spring, and the unpleasant scent of the flowers is sometimes derided. Japanese privet is considered an invasive species in certain parts of North America.
Plant Height:
2 m to 6 m
Red Silk Cotton Tree
13. Red Silk Cotton Tree
The name of the red Silk Cotton Tree (*Bombax ceiba*) comes from the capsules it produces that are chock-full of white fibers similar to cotton. The plant is found in Asia; in India, it's popular to plant it by roads, where its gorgeous crimson blooms cheer travelers.
Plant Height:
18 m to 23 m
Loquat
14. Loquat
The loquat is an evergreen tree that bears delicious fruit, which shares its name. Its origins lie in China, but the tree has since been introduced to a variety of locations across Asia, Southern Europe, and North America. The fruit is generally eaten raw, mixed into fruit salads, or turned into jam. The seeds, however, should not be eaten. In Italy, loquat is used to make nespolino liqueur.
Plant Height:
3 m to 10 m
Red frangipani
15. Red frangipani
Red frangipani (Plumeria rubra) is a deciduous shrub or small tree native to Central and South America. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in tropical and subtropical climates. All parts of the plant are toxic when ingested due to their high alkaloid content.
Plant Height:
2 m to 8 m
Japanese maple
16. Japanese maple
A woody plant native to East Asia, the japanese maple features hand-shaped leaves with five-pointed lobes that resemble the palm of a hand. It has been cultivated for millennia in Japan for bonsai creation. Extracts from the branches and leaves of this plant are used as medicine in Chinese traditional medicine.
Plant Height:
4 m to 15 m
Eastern white pine
17. Eastern white pine
Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) is a long-lived evergreen tree native to mixed forests of temperate zones in eastern North America. It is considered one of the tallest trees in its native area. Eastern white pine has a straight-grained lightweight wood, highly valued in construction.
Plant Height:
30 m to 67 m
Pencil cactus
18. Pencil cactus
Pencil cactus (Euphorbia tirucalli) is a small tree shrub that grows best in warm arid climates and is named for its pencil-sized succulent branches. Pencil cactus is native to black clay soils in Africa and can be poisonous if ingested. It produces a latex compound that can be poisonous and cause blindness.
Plant Height:
2 m to 9 m
Oleander
19. Oleander
Nerium oleander, colloquially known as oleander, is a shrub or a small tree, known for its majestic pink five-lobed flowers and deep green lanceolate leaves. Oleander is one of the most poisonous popular decorative garden plants, so it is advised to keep small children and pets away from it.
Plant Height:
2 m to 6 m
Dragon tree
20. Dragon tree
The dragon tree (Dracaena draco) is a tropical tree species native to the Canary Islands. It is the national symbol of Tenerife. The bark and leaves of dragon tree produce a resin called dragon's blood, which has been used as a dye.
Plant Height:
20 m
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More Plants in Bhutan

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Most Common Toxic Plants

Bhutan's diverse climate, ranging from subtropical to alpine, along with rich, moist soil, sets a conducive stage for a variety of flora, including toxic plants. The prevalence of toxic species is amplified by the country's lush vegetation and predominantly forested landscapes. Notable among these are , , and , which are part of the ecology, posing potential risks to humans and animals.

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Most Common Flowers

Bhutan, nestled in the Himalayas, boasts a climate and soil conducive to the growth of its stunning native flowers. Among these resplendent blossoms are the , , and . These flowers add to the visual allure of the region and hold great significance in Bhutanese culture. With the information sourced from trusted references, this concise summary serves as a reliable guide to the remarkable floral diversity found in Bhutan.

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Most Common Flowers of Spring

As Spring breathes warmth into Bhutan's landscape, a burst of floral life follows, symbolizing renewal. Among the multitude of blossoms, , , and are quintessential, each adding a splash of vibrancy. These blooms are not just visually enthralling but are also culturally significant, marking the season's joyous commencement with their vivid hues and delicate fragrances.

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Most Common Spring Fruits

Spring in Bhutan unfolds with vibrant blooms and mild temperatures, nurturing an array of fruit plants. Amidst the thawing landscape, , , and come into season, offering fresh harvests deeply rooted in local culture. These fruits, synonymous with rejuvenation and traditional Bhutanese agriculture, provide a burst of flavor and nutrition essential to the springtime festivities and cuisine.

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Most Common Fruits

Bhutan, endowed with varied agro-climatic conditions ranging from subtropical to temperate, boasts fertile soils enriched by mountainous, mineral-rich waters ideal for horticulture. Central to its agro-cultural heritage, prominent local fruit plants include , , and , each integral to the country's diet and traditions. These plants flourish within the unique Bhutanese topography, encapsulating the harmony between agriculture and biodiversity preservation in this Himalayan kingdom.

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Most Common Weeds

In the temperate climate of Bhutan, with its abundant rainfall and fertile valleys, garden weeds flourish amidst cultivated landscapes. Common amongst these are , , and , each thriving in the region's conducive environment for plant growth. These persistent weeds pose a challenge for local gardeners, who strive to balance traditional practices with the need for effective weed management.

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Most Common Tall Trees

Nestled in the heart of the Himalayas, Bhutan's lush environment is ripe for nurturing robust flora, thanks to its temperate climate and undulating terrain ranging from subtropical plains to subalpine zones. Among the green giants that pierce the sky, the most prominent include , a species known for its sky-scraping height and ecological significance. Accompanying this giant are and , whose lofty canopies are integral to the region's biodiverse woodlands and hold historical reverence within local cultures.

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Most Common Flowers of Winter

Venture into the serene cold of Winter in Bhutan, where the frosty environment surprisingly becomes a haven for certain flowers. Despite the chill, , , and blossom, showcasing their resilience and adding beauty to the landscape. These Winter flowers symbolize the endurance and strength that nature possesses even in the harshest of conditions.

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Most Common Plants

In Bhutan, you can find Asian Rice, Maize, Jade plant, Barley, False christmas cactus, and more! There are 50 types of plants in total. Be sure to look out for these common plants when you’re walking on the streets, in parks, or public gardens.

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Identify grow and nurture the better way!
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17,000 local species +400,000 global species studied
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